YOU WILL NEVER DRINK A COKE AGAIN AFTER WATCHING THIS VIDEO

This video shows what happens when you add milk to a coke product. It showcases a nasty reaction; you can call it the chemistry of adding a dairy product to a carbonated acidic liquid. The point of this is more a gimmick to maybe build awareness that pop as a rule is pretty bad for you.

Ingredient

• 1 Bottle of Regular (Brown) Soda
• 2% Milk

Experiment

• Open a fresh, new bottle of brown-colored soda. Coke works great, but any brand of regular cola will do.
• Carefully pour 2% milk into the bottle with the soda until the bottle is completely full.
• Replace the bottle cap and screw it on tightly.
• Now, you will need to exercise some patience. Observe the milk and soda mixture in regular intervals like every half-hour or hour.

Chemistry for this Reaction

The separation happens because of a reaction between phosphoric acid and milk. Phosphoric acid molecules attach to the molecules of milk, increasing the density and separating them from the rest of the liquid. The remaining liquids, having less density than the phosphoric acid and milk molecules, floats on top.

How Patient feel in Paranoid Schizophrenia (Quick Video) (Hindi) (1080p HD)

People with schizophrenia may see or hear things that do not exist, speak in strange confusing ways, and believe that others are trying to harm them, or feel like they are being constantly watched. This can make it difficult to negotiate the activities of daily life and people with schizophrenia may withdraw from the outside world or act out in confusion and fear.

Schizophrenia comes on slowly, with subtle warning signs and a gradual decline in functioning long.

Paranoid schizophrenia is a lifelong illness, but with proper treatment, a person suffering from the illness can live a higher quality of life.

Schizophrenia can be successfully managed. The first step is to identify the signs and symptoms. The second step is to seek help without delay.

The common early warning symptoms of schizophrenia are as follow:

• Depression
• Irrational statements
• Forgetful; unable to concentrate
• Strange use of words or way of speaking
• Social withdrawal
• Deterioration of personal hygiene
• Expressionless gaze
• Inappropriate laughter or crying
• Oversleeping or insomnia
• Extreme reaction to criticism

Schizophrenia affects all aspects of your life. Main symptoms of schizophrenia are as follow :

• Hallucinations : Hallucinations are false perceptions, inaccuracies that affect patient’s senses and cause him to hear, see, taste, touch or smell that are not real. Hallucinations are sounds or other sensations experienced as real but they exist only in their mind. While hallucinations can involve any of the five senses, auditory hallucinations (e.g. hearing voices or some other sound) are most common in schizophrenia. Visual hallucinations are also happen sometimes. Many times, the voices are those of someone they know. Hallucinations tend to be worse when the person is alone.
• Delusions : Delusions are false beliefs or misinterpretations of events and their significance. Likely, He may be awakened by noise from his neighbour’s apartment and may decide this is a planned attempt to interrupt his sleep. Delusions are extremely common in schizophrenia. These delusions involve illogical or bizarre ideas or fantasies. Common delusions of control include their inner-mind thought broadcasting (Their private thoughts are being transmitted to others), Thought Insertion (Someone is planting thoughts in their head) and thought withdrawal.
• Paranoia : Paranoia can also cause a person with schizophrenia to be suspicious of friends and family.
• Negative symptoms (absence of normal activities) : The negative symptoms of schizophrenia refer to the absence of normal behaviours found in healthy person. They have problems with motivation; lack of self-care. They get lack of interest in the world, apparent unawareness of the environment and finally social withdrawal.
• Disorganized Talking : Fragmented thinking is characteristic of schizophrenia. Externally, it can be observed in the way a person speaks. People with schizophrenia tend to have trouble concentrating. They may respond to queries with an unrelated answer, start sentences with one topic and end somewhere completely different, or say illogical things.
• Mood Disorders : Schizophrenia often involves changes in mood, including mania and depression.
• Aggressive Behaviour : This is not really a symptom of schizophrenia but when it does occur, it tends to occur in conjunction with delusions and hallucinations.

The symptoms of schizophrenia vary significantly from person to person, both in pattern and severity. Not every person with schizophrenia will have all symptoms, and the symptoms of schizophrenia may also change over time.

Causes of Schizophrenia

• Schizophrenia has strong hereditary component. Person with a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) who has schizophrenia have a 10 percent chance of developing the disorder.
• An imbalance of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is involved in the onset of schizophrenia. This imbalance is most probably caused by your genes making you susceptible to the illness.
• Neurotransmitters are needed to pass messages between brain cells. An altered balance of these may cause the symptoms.
• Schizophrenia usually results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors.

Diagnosing : Significant problems functioning at work or school, relating to other people, and taking care of oneself.
Continuous signs of schizophrenia for at least 6 months, with active symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, etc.) for at least 1 month.

Treatments of Schizophrenia : The main medicines used to treat schizophrenia are called antipsychotics. They work by altering the balance of some brain chemicals. Antipsychotic medicines are much effective to control positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) but they do not work on negative symptoms (absence of normal activities).

Most people use one side of their brain for language and the other side for art or music or movement. It might be a good idea to concentrate on the other side and encourage patients to sing, draw, or play instrument, to exercise or dance.

Individuals with schizophrenia may gradually come to understand more about themselves and their problems. They can also learn to sort out the real from the unreal and distorted.

With the right treatment and support, a person with schizophrenia can lead a happy life.

Side Effects of Medicines : 

• Some side effects of drugs are restlessness that begins after the patient is started on medication. This kind of restlessness usually appears as a shaking of the legs and hands. These movements are more difficult to control.
• Some people are not greatly helped by available treatments or may prematurely discontinue treatment because of unpleasant side effects.
• Weight gain may be a side-effect of antipsychotic medicines. All of these factors may lead to an increased chance of developing heart disease and diabetes in later life.
• Sometimes, it can be difficult to tell whether the symptoms are part of the development of schizophrenia or caused by something else like fake friends or addiction of social media.

Consideration

• Auditory hallucinations that are unpleasant and may be cruel. Imagine sitting in your living room. You hear voices in the room, but no one else can hear them. You might hear one person’s voice or two or more people conversing. They may talk to you or about you amongst each other. They criticize you; cruelly poke fun at your real or perceived faults. Although, they are not real, but you are experiencing them as absolutely real.
• People with schizophrenia often have delusions of persecution, or false and irrational beliefs that they are being cheated, harassed, poisoned.
• Some people who experience delusions find different meanings in everyday events or occurrences. They may believe people on TV or in newspaper articles are communicating messages to them alone.
• Some people with schizophrenia appear to talk to themselves as they respond to the voices. They cannot distinguish what is real from what is unreal. The inner voices might describe activities taking place, discuss the person's thoughts and behaviour, give instructions, or talk directly to the person.
• People with schizophrenia may behave inappropriately or become extremely agitated and shout for no reason.
• Person with schizophrenia may believe that neighbours are spying on them with cameras in every room and delusions can be about anything.
• Sometime a person with schizophrenia may wear aluminium foil or try to hide himself in unknown store in the belief that it will stop one's thoughts from being broadcast and protect against malicious waves entering the brain.
• People with schizophrenia often do not realise or accept that they are ill. Therefore, some people are admitted to hospital for treatment against their will forcefully.
• Symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men tend to experience symptoms earlier than women.

With medication and strong family support, many people with schizophrenia are able to control their symptoms, gain greater independence, and get happy lives.

ISRO plans second Mars Mission with Rover and Lander in 2018

After the success of the recent Mars Orbit Mission (MOM), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is planning to revisit the Red Planet in 2018 with a heavier satellite which will carry a lander and a rover.

Director of ISRO Satellite Centre S Shiva Kumar said the space agency is planning to launch a second Mars mission in 2018, to conduct more experiments for which they have to develop new technologies.

In September 24, the state-run space agency successfully inserted its spacecraft (MOM) in the Martian orbit with five scientific instruments to search for life-sustaining elements on the planet over nine months after it was launched November 5, 2013 from its spaceport at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, about 90 km northeast of Chennai.

“We will be able to take the Mars-2 mission after launching the second mission to the moon (Chandrayaan-2) in 2016 with our own lander and rover, which will help us develop a separate lender and rover for the red planet,” Kumar said, ahead of a three-day ‘Engineers Conclave-2014’ by the space agency with the Indian National Academy of Engineering here.

The space agency is looking for a slot in 2018 as the mission to Mars can be launched only after two years. They also hope to have a heavy rocket - fully operational to carry a lender and rover with scientific experiments as additional payloads by then.

“We hope to have fully operational heavy rockets over the next two-three years for carrying communication satellites weighting two-three tonnes into the geo-stationary orbits around the earth,” Kumar said.

The space agency has developed the geo-synchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV-Mark I-III) with indigenous cryogenic engine to launch satellites weighing more than two tonnes and three tonnes into the geo-orbit at 36,000km above Earth.

Cotton Whitefly

Cotton Whitefly (Scientific Name : Bemisia tabaci)

Host Range : Polyphagous insect. Some of the hosts are puthkanda, gutpatni, cabbage, cauliflower, sarson, toria, melon, potato, brinjal and okra.

Damaging Stage : Nymphs and Adults.

Identification

Adults : Adults are 1.0 to 1.5 mm long, yellowish in colour and dusted with white waxy powder. Wings are pure white.

Nymphs : Nymphs are yellowish white.

Seasonal History : The whitefly infestation remains in cotton more or less throughout the cotton season but the maximum damage in cotton is done during August-September. Higher population has been noticed in dry weather conditions which encourage its population build up.

Economic Threshold : Average six to eight nymphs per leaf. Count the population from three leaves (one each from top, middle and bottom) per plant and take observation at least from 10 plants from the field.

Nature of Damage : Damage is done by sucking the cell sap from the leaves resulting in loss of vitality of the plant. Normal photosynthesis is affected due to growth of sooty mould on honeydew deposited on upper surface of the leaves, consequently the growth of the plant and yield are affected. Cotton white fly also transmits the cotton leaf curl virus and the veins of diseased leaves get thickened becoming cup shaped (up side).

Management : Spray the crop with 250-350 ml dimethoate (Rogor) 30 EC or 300-400 ml oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox) 25 EC or formothion (Anthio) 25 EC or 40 ml imidacloprid (Confidor) 200 SL, 40 g thiomethoxam (Aktara) 25 WG after mixing in 120-150 litre of water.

Scientific Treatment of Whitefly on BT Cotton (Hindi) (1080p HD)

Cotton, a commercial crop and backbone of the textile industry is heaven for insect-pests. More than 90 per cent of the fibres is obtained from cotton crop alone. This crop is the backbone of the textile industry, where 80 per cent of the raw material is obtained from it.

Due to insect and diseases infestation, both quality and the quantity are greatly reduced in various ways e.g. premature boll opening results in lint damage and discolouration and immature fibre.

Cotton farmer from Haryana and Punjab is facing problems from the growing menace of white fly that cripples the growth of cotton plant. This has resulted in the yield of BT cotton on their farm dropping.

The farm scientists (Dr Saini) of Haryana University has advised the farmers for constant monitoring of BT cotton crops against whitefly and sucking pests and spray the recommended insecticide when weather is clear. He said that due to humid weather, there may be attack of whitefly and incidence of bacterial leaf blight. 

He said an effective management of this important disease is possible by development of resistant varieties.

The three states (Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan) count for about 12 per cent of the country’s total cotton production. 

In the last two years, the average yield in Haryana farmer has dropped by about 20 per cent due to whitefly. In addition, the cultivation costs have gone up considerably, as they have to spray at least four to five insecticides to keep the white fly under check.

The emergence of sucking pests such as white fly, mealy bug and jassid are posing threat to cotton crop across all over country.

Though insecticide costs that accounts for 8-10 per cent of the cultivation costs are on the rise, labour shortage and rising wages are a major worry for cotton growers.

Cotton Whitefly (Scientific Name : Bemisia tabaci)

Host Range : Polyphagous insect. Some of the hosts are puthkanda, gutpatni, cabbage, cauliflower, sarson, toria, melon, potato, brinjal and okra.

Damaging Stage : Nymphs and Adults.

Identification

Adults : Adults are 1.0 to 1.5 mm long, yellowish in colour and dusted with white waxy powder. Wings are pure white.

Nymphs : Nymphs are yellowish white.

Seasonal History : The whitefly infestation remains in cotton more or less throughout the cotton season but the maximum damage in cotton is done during August-September. Higher population has been noticed in dry weather conditions which encourage its population build up.

Economic Threshold : Average six to eight nymphs per leaf. Count the population from three leaves (one each from top, middle and bottom) per plant and take observation at least from 10 plants from the field.

Nature of Damage : Damage is done by sucking the cell sap from the leaves resulting in loss of vitality of the plant. Normal photosynthesis is affected due to growth of sooty mould on honeydew deposited on upper surface of the leaves, consequently the growth of the plant and yield are affected. Cotton white fly also transmits the cotton leaf curl virus and the veins of diseased leaves get thickened becoming cup shaped (up side).

Management : Spray the crop with 250-350 ml dimethoate (Rogor) 30 EC or 300-400 ml oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox) 25 EC or formothion (Anthio) 25 EC or 40 ml imidacloprid (Confidor) 200 SL, 40 g thiomethoxam (Aktara) 25 WG after mixing in 120-150 litre of water.

Their management can be accomplished best through integration of various approaches. These involve the choice of suitable variety, the crop rotation to be followed, cultural practices, proper nutrient and water management.

You should give proper time to natural enemies of whitely to control their population before spraying pesticides. It is not possible to eliminate all population of whitefly. You can reduce their population by 70 percent by collective approaches. All farmer of neighbours’ farm should effort collectively to reduce population of whitefly. You can graze yellow board with gum as whitefly attract toward yellow colour. 

Note : The higher population of whitefly has been noticed in dry weather conditions during August-September. Avoid excessive use of pesticides. Try to spray “neem” products to control whitefly as it reduces reproduction of whitefly. You can spray triazophos/acephate to control whitefly after advice of farmer scientists. Monitor the crop for diseases every week. 

Hindi

जिलेके जागरूक किसानों ने कपास के अच्छे भाव देखते हुए इस सफेद सोना पर दांव खेला है। यहीं कारण है कि इस बार अनुमानित लक्ष्य से कहीं अधिक हेक्टेयर में कपास की फसल खड़ी है। 

हालांकि इससे पहले माना जा रहा था कि बीटी कॉटन पर किसी तरह की बीमारी नहीं लगती। सफेद मक्खी के प्रकोप से किसानाें के चेहरे मुरझा उठे हैं। कृषि विशेषज्ञाें के अनुसार सफेद मक्खी के कारण औसत उत्पादन गिरना लाजिमी है। कृषि विभाग का मानना है कि सफेद मक्खी का प्रकोप तो है, लेकिन 10 से 20 फीसदी ही नुकसान होगा। 

कृषि उपनिदेशक डा. अनूप सिंह ने बताया कि बीटी कॉटन पर गुलाबी, चितकबरी, अमेरिकन सुंडी इत्यादि की बीमारी नहीं लगती, लेकिन बदले मौसम के अनुरूप सफेद मक्खी का प्रकोप इस फसल को नुकसान पहुंचाता है।

 कपास में इन दिनों वाइट फ्लाई का प्रकोप रहता है। इसको एक सही मात्रा में कीटनाशक डालकर रोकथाम की जा सकती है। कई बार किसान कृषि विभाग के सुझाव नहीं मानते हैं और अलग-अलग तरीके के कीटनाशक गलत मात्र में स्प्रे कर देते हैं, जिसके कारण कपास की फसल नष्ट होने की संभावना कहीं अधिक बढ़ जाती है। 

Origin of Diabetes

Diabetes is an important human ailment afflicting many from various walks of life in different countries. In India it is proving to be a major health problem, especially in the urban areas. Though there are various approaches to reduce the ill effects of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side effects and low cost.

One of the etiologic factors implicated in the development of diabetes and its complications is the damage induced by free radicals and hence an antidiabetic compound with antioxidant properties would be more beneficial. 

Diabetes is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism characterized by increased fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels. Studies conducted in India show that it is increasing rapidly in the urban population. It is estimated that there are approximately 33 million adults with diabetes in India. This number is likely to increase to 57.2 million by the year 2025.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from either insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction. Type I diabetes (insulin dependent) is caused due to insulin insufficiency because of lack of functional beta cells. Patients suffering from this are therefore totally dependent on exogenous source of insulin while patients suffering from Type II diabetes (insulin independent) are unable to respond to insulin and can be treated with dietary changes, exercise and medication. 

Diabetes Type II is the more common form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Symptoms for both diabetic conditions may include: (1) high levels of sugar in the blood; (2) unusual thirst; (3) frequent urination; (4) extreme hunger and loss of weight; (5) blurred vision; (6) nausea and vomiting; (7) extreme weakness and tiredness; (8) irritability, mood changes etc.

Free radicals are capable of damaging cellular molecules, DNA, proteins and lipids leading to altered cellular functions. Studies reveal that antioxidants capable of neutralizing free radicals are effective in preventing experimentally induced diabetes in animal models as well as reducing the severity of diabetic complications.

In diabetic patients, extra-cellular and long lived proteins, such as elastin, laminin, collagen are the major targets of free radicals. These proteins are modified to form glycoproteins due to hyperglycemia. The modification of these proteins present in tissues such as lens, vascular wall and basement membranes are associated with the development of complications of diabetes such as cataracts, microangiopathy, atherosclerosis and nephropathy. During diabetes, lipoproteins are oxidized by free radicals. There are also multiple abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in diabetes. 

Lipid peroxidation is enhanced due to increased oxidative stress in diabetic condition. Apart from this, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed by non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. AGEs tend to accumulate on long-lived molecules in tissues and generate abnormalities in cell and tissue functions. In addition, AGEs also contribute to increased vascular permeability in both micro and macrovascular structures by binding to specific macrophage receptors. This results in formation of free radicals and endothelial dysfunction. AGEs are also formed on nucleic acids and histones and may cause mutations and altered gene expression.

Patients of diabetes either do not make enough insulin or their cells do not respond to insulin. In case of total lack of insulin, patients are given insulin injections. Whereas in case of those where cells do not respond to insulin many different drugs are developed taking into consideration possible disturbances in carbohydrate-metabolism. For example, to manage post-prandial hyper-glycaemia at digestive level, glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose are used. These inhibit degradation of carbohydrates thereby reducing the glucose absorption by the cells. To enhance glucose uptake by peripheral cells biguanide such as metphormine is used. Sulphonylureas like glibenclamide is insulinotropic and works as secretogogue for pancreatic cells. 

There are certain limitations of these medicines like high cost and side effects such as development of hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver toxicity etc. 

Based on involvement of oxidative stress in complicating diabetes mellitus, we can use suitable antidiabetic and antioxidant therapy to treat diabetes

Bitter gourd powder lowers blood and urine sugar levels. It increases body’s resistance against infections and purifies blood. Bitter Gourd has excellent medicinal virtues. It is antidotal, antipyretic tonic, appetizing, stomachic, antibilious and laxative. It contains compounds like bitter glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, phenolics, oils, free acids, polypeptides, sterols, 17-amino acids including methionine and a crystalline product named p-insulin. It is reported to have hypoglycemic activity in addition to being antihaemorrhoidal, astringent, stomachic, emmenagogue, hepatic stimulant, anthelmintic and blood purifier.

Milk Urea Detection Kit for On-Site Testing of Milk ~ Dr Gulshan Narang (English) (720p HD)

Watch out brief demonstration of Urea Kit for On-Site Testing of adulterated milk by Dr Gulshan Narang (D.I.O, Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, LLR UVAS) carried out at Toxicological D. I. Lab of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Department of LLR UVAS Hisar.

To get more profits, some milkman prepared synthetic milk which is very cheap and sold at the rate of natural milk. Synthetic milk consists of vegetable fat, detergent powder and urea mixed in water containing salt. This milk is similar to natural milk in colour, fat content, smell, taste and specific gravity. Around 1.0 percent urea is added to make up normal protein levels of the synthetic milk.

Consumption of synthetic milk or its product like urea can damages liver, heart and kidneys and also causes swelling of limbs and impaired vision.

There was a need for rapid tests for the detection of urea in the milk to prevent the adverse health hazards to common man.

Dr Gulshan Narang and Dr R. S. Khokhar of the Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, CoVS, LLR UVAS has developed a field spot test to detect urea in milk.

The principle of test is that urea reacts with the indicator giving a colored reaction which can be visualized within a minute.

Usually 0.9 to 1.0 percent urea is added for making synthetic milk. Urea is added to make the protein content and increasing the SNF content of the milk. Without addition of urea the protein levels of the milk can not be achieved.

Procedure

• Put a drop of indicator solution A on the filter paper and let it absorb.
• Put a drop of the test milk sample on the indicator drop.

If our test milk develop immediately yellow colour around the milk drop, it means our simple is mixed with Urea. That sample is contaminated with the Urea.

The Milk Urea Detection Kit is easily available for common man at Kisan Seva Kendra, HAU CCS Gate No.4 (Hisar, Haryana)

If any Person wants to initiate the commercial production of Urea Kit, He can Contact Dr N. K. Kakker of Business Planning and Development (Veterinary Products) Unit of LLR UVAS, Hisar for getting license of this kit for specific period of years.

The business person can improved the urea kit by providing other solution for detecting soda, starch and detergents in the milk sample.

The Curiosity Rover Landing

Scientists confirm 'God Particle' exists

Scientists say they've discovered a new particle whose characteristics match the most sought-after particle in physics. 

Vijay Kumar: Robots that fly ...and cooperate

Richard Sears: Planning for the end of oil

How To Build a Laser Security System

Discovery of Penicillin

In 1928, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made a chance discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri dish. A mold had grown on the Petri dish when it was left unattended for a couple of days. And the mold seemed to have killed the Staphylococcus aureus that had been growing in the dish.

How Penicillin was Discovered

Fleming realized that this mold had potential. Fleming spent several weeks growing more mold and trying to determine the particular substance in the mold that killed the bacteria. After discussing the mold with mycologist (mold expert) C. J. La Touche who had his office below Fleming's, they determined the mold to be a Penicillium mold. Fleming then called the active antibacterial agent in the mold, penicillin. So, the mold that had contaminated the experiment turned out to contain a powerful antibiotic, penicillin. But, Could this be the "wonder drug"? To Fleming, it was not. Though he saw its potential, Fleming was not a chemist and thus was unable to isolate the active antibacterial element, penicillin, and could not keep the element active long enough to be used in humans.

More Detail about Penicillin

In 1929, Fleming wrote a paper on his findings, which did not garner any scientific interest. Twelve years later In 1940, the second year of World War II, Australian Howard Florey and German refugee Ernst Chain began working with penicillin. Using new chemical techniques, they were able to produce a brown powder which was safe and kept its antibacterial power for longer than a few days. Needing the new drug immediately for the war front, mass production started quickly. The availability of penicillin during World War II saved many lives that otherwise would have been lost due to bacterial infections in even minor wounds. Penicillin also treated diphtheria, gangrene, pneumonia, syphilis and tuberculosis. Though Fleming discovered penicillin, it took Florey and Chain to make it a usable product. Though both Fleming and Florey were knighted in 1944 and all three of them (Fleming, Florey and Chain) were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Fleming is still credited for discovering penicillin.

A Brief History Of Quantum Mechanics

New high in stem cell research: Mimicking the heart in a lab

Indian scientists have for the first time coaxed ordinary cells to behave like cells of the heart muscle. Stem cell research is making big inroads in India and experts at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore have been able to recreate the way muscles of the heart behave. This research has great potential and could well be the solution to offer spare human organs being available, on demand, literally off the shelf.

SPACE NIGHT Earth-Views 10

The Plasma Membrane

dna replication

DNA Replication

Journey Inside The Cell

धरती के करीब से गुजरेगा एस्टेरॉयड

Basic Plant Physiology

Astronauts

Viruses

Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Infect